Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog

La Niña by July?
Posted by: Dr. Jeff Masters, 01:42 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010 +3
El Niño rapidly dissipated in May, and we are now very close to entering into a La Niña event, according to the latest sea surface temperature (SST) data over the tropical Eastern Pacific. The weekly SST readings in the area 5°N - 5°S, 120°W - 170°W, also called the "Niña 3.4 region", fell to 0.4°C below average on June 7, a full 1°C drop in just one and a half months. This puts us very close to the -0.5°C threshold needed to be considered a La Niña event, according to NOAA's latest El Niño Discussion. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology showed conditions in the Niña 3.4 region were not quite that cool--0.2°C below average for the week ending June 6. Nevertheless, the speed of the collapse of El Niño makes it likely that a La Niña event is on its way this summer, and NOAA's Climate Prediction Center has issued a La Niña watch. Ten of the 23 El Niño models (updated as of May 19) are predicting La Niña conditions for hurricane season. However, as NOAA's Climate Prediction Center commented in their June 3 advisory, a number of the more reliable models are now calling for La Niña to develop this summer. They comment, "there is an increasing confidence in these colder model forecasts, which is supported by recent observations that show cooling trends in the Pacific Ocean and signs of coupling with the atmospheric circulation." Historically, about 35 - 40% of El Niño events are followed by a La Niña within the same year.


Figure 1. Atlantic named storm, hurricane, and intense hurricane activity since the active hurricane period we are in began in 1995. Both La Niña and neutral years have shown similar levels of Atlantic hurricane activity, though the figures are somewhat skewed by the record-setting year of 2005. Background photo: Hurricane Dean, taken from the Space Shuttle.

It is interesting to note that the last time we had a strong El Niño event, in 1998, El Niño collapsed dramatically in May, and a strong La Niña event developed by hurricane season. History appears to be repeating itself, and I predict the emergence of La Niña by July. Since La Niña events tend to bring lower amounts of wind shear to the tropical Atlantic, we can expect a much more active Atlantic hurricane season than usual in 2010. Since 2010 is similar to 1998 in the behavior of the El Niño/La Niña cycle, it is possible that this year's hurricane season could resemble the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season. That year had about 40% above-average activity, with 14 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 3 intense hurricanes. The season was relatively late-starting, with only one named storm occurring before August 20. Once the season got going, six named storms affected the Gulf of Mexico, including two hurricanes, Earl and Georges, that passed directly over the location of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.


Figure 2. Tracks of all named storms for the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season.


Figure 3. Typical regional weather anomalies observed during June - August when La Niña conditions are present. The Caribbean tends to be cloudier and wetter than average, but there is typically little change to temperature and precipitations patterns over North America. Image credit: NOAA Climate Prediction Center.

Oil spill update
Light east, southeast, or south winds of 5 - 15 knots will blow today through Saturday, according to the latest marine forecast from NOAA. These winds will keep oil near the beaches of Alabama, Mississippi, and the extreme western Florida Panhandle, according to the latest trajectory forecasts from NOAA and the State of Louisiana. The latest ocean current forecasts from the NOAA HYCOM model are not predicting eastward-moving ocean currents along the Florida Panhandle coast this week, and it is unlikely that surface oil will affect areas of Florida east of Fort Walton Beach. Long range surface wind forecasts from the GFS model for the period 8 - 14 days from now show a southeasterly wind regime, which would prevent any further progress of the oil eastwards along the Florida Panhandle, and would tend to bring significant amounts of oil back to the shores of eastern Louisiana next week. If you spot oil, send in your report to http://www.gulfcoastspill.com/, whose mission is to help the Gulf Coast recovery by creating a daily record of the oil spill.


Figure 4. The oil spill on June 6, 2010 at 8:32pm EDT, as seen by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery from the Italian Cosmo-SkyMed (COnstellation of small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation) satellite. A large region of oil was a few miles offshore of Pensacola, Florida. Image credit: University of Miami Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science.

Oil spill resources
My post, What a hurricane would do the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
NOAA's fact sheet on Hurricanes and the Oil Spill
My post on the Southwest Florida "Forbidden Zone" where surface oil will rarely go
My post on what oil might do to a hurricane
Oil trajectory forecasts from NOAA
Gulf Oil Blog from the UGA Department of Marine Sciences
Oil Spill Academic Task Force
University of South Florida Ocean Circulation Group oil spill forecasts
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery from the University of Miami

"Hurricane Haven" airing again this afternoon
The tropical Atlantic is quiet right now, with no models predicting tropical cyclone development over the next seven days. I'll talk about all this nothingness on my live Internet radio show, "Hurricane Haven", at 4pm EDT today. Listeners will be able to call in and ask questions. The call in number is 415-983-2634, or you can post a question in the comments area on Shaun Tanner's blog. Some topics I'll cover on the show:

1) What's going on in the tropics right now--is this typical?
2) New advancements in hurricane science presented at this month's AMS Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology last month

Today's show, which will probably be just 1/2 hour, will be at http://www.wunderground.com/wxradio/wubroadcast.h tml. The show will be recorded and stored as a podcast, as last week's show was.

I may take a break from blogging Wednesday, as I've got some catching up to do on other duties.

Jeff Masters
Categories: Climate Summaries
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1. CaneWarning 01:44 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
From the last blog:

I just saw on TV where they said there is a large oil sheen west of Tampa. They failed to mention it is 150 miles away. No wonder tourists aren't coming here.
Member Since: Aprile 26, 2009 Posts: 3 Comments: 3667
2. Dakster 01:46 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Thanks Dr. M - Looks like regardless we are in for an active year.

On edit: What were the SSTs like in 1998. If we have much hotter SST's wouldn't that indicate that we may have more intense Hurricanes than 1998?
Member Since: Marzo 10, 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 4932
3. IKE 01:47 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
it is possible that this year's hurricane season could resemble the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season. That year had about 40% above-average activity, with 14 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 3 intense hurricanes. The season was relatively late-starting, with only one named storm occurring before August 20.........from Dr. Masters.


That may be what happens this year. I don't see 23 storms happening, but I could be wrong.

Have a nice day!
Member Since: Giugno 9, 2005 Posts: 23 Comments: 37044
5. srada 01:51 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Great Update Dr. Masters!!

1998 was not a good year for coast of NC..we got hit by Hurricane Bonnie..came in a Cat 3..
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6. IKE 01:51 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
I agree that 2005 skewed the numbers for neutral years.
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7. Floodman 01:53 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting Dakster:
Thanks Dr. M - Looks like regardless we are in for an active year.

On edit: What were the SSTs like in 1998. If we have much hotter SST's wouldn't that indicate that we may have more intense Hurricanes than 1998?


IT's a good start, but there are a great many other factors involved as well: MJO presence or absence, SAL levels, condition and position of the AB high (though that has more to with track than intensity) etc.

How are you doing this morning, Dak?
Member Since: Agosto 2, 2006 Posts: 10 Comments: 9919
9. CaneWarning 01:54 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
I don't think we'll see 23 either. I remember 1998 had some really awful storms for the islands.

Just looking at 1998 they had some bad names that are now retired from other seasons.
Member Since: Aprile 26, 2009 Posts: 3 Comments: 3667
10. IKE 01:56 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting CaneWarning:
I don't think we'll see 23 either. I remember 1998 had some really awful storms for the islands.

Just looking at 1998 they had some bad names that are now retired from other seasons.


I picked 13-7-4. I'm probably under on the 13 total. I could see 16 to 18.

I think it will be a bad season. More heartache for some, if not a lot.
Member Since: Giugno 9, 2005 Posts: 23 Comments: 37044
11. hurricanejunky 01:58 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Oz, ya changed the avatar! Who you calling punk?
Member Since: Agosto 28, 2006 Posts: 6 Comments: 2875
14. srada 02:01 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting CycloneOz:
Again, looking at the 1998 analog of charted tropical systems, the only thing that seems strikingly different from that year and this year's likely setup is all the storms that curved out along the east coast of the CONUS.

If the Bermuda high is strong and a bit more south and west this year...the CV storms that form won't be taking that route.

They'll either wind up in the Gulf or plowing right into Florida.


Hi

Im still learning but what exactly pulls or curves the storm when its strong..is that a trough, front or high..I thought the more powerful a storm the more its pulled by the high or trough?
Member Since: Agosto 17, 2006 Posts: 1 Comments: 772
15. hurricanejunky 02:04 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
1998 was definitely an interesting year, that's for certain. I remember doing prep for Georges, although we didn't get it and then Mitch became a monster and stalled near Honduras and we thought it was history. Low and behold it re-generated somewhat and made a beeline for Florida. We got tropical storm Mitch in the middle of the night. It was feisty even on the tail end of its existence...
Member Since: Agosto 28, 2006 Posts: 6 Comments: 2875
16. superpete 02:05 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting CaneWarning:
I don't think we'll see 23 either. I remember 1998 had some really awful storms for the islands.

Just looking at 1998 they had some bad names that are now retired from other seasons.
Other than Georges, the Caribbean was quiet in '98,until Mitch affected Honduras in October with huge casualties.Looks like we may see similar conditions thru 2010?
Member Since: Ottobre 10, 2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 498
18. jeffs713 02:05 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting srada:


Hi

Im still learning but what exactly pulls or curves the storm when its strong..is that a trough, front or high..I thought the more powerful a storm the more its pulled by the high or trough?

Storms are pushed away by high pressure. They are drawn to low pressure (generally). The two act in concert to steer storms.
Member Since: Agosto 3, 2008 Posts: 15 Comments: 5722
19. aspectre 02:06 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Welcome to Definitely*More Fun Than Two ExxonValdezes Day (* definitely new info at bottom)
Or yet another reason why the BP CEO's pronouncements makes ya grind yer teeth and growl.

In 2005, TropicalStorm Arlene reached near-hurricane strength in the Gulf of Mexico on June10th. And passed near what is now the DeepHorizon spill area before making landfall at the extreme western end of the Florida panhandle on June11th.
Comparisons with the day when TropicalStorm Arlene began spinning up on 8June2005

8Jun2010

8Jun2005

8June2010

8Jun2005

8June2010


Other major US-affecting offshore blowouts averaged 8,000to10,000barrels per day over 10days at Santa Barbara, and 11,000to12,000barrels per day over 295days at Ixtoc I.
Initial spill rate from Ixtoc I into the Gulf of Mexico was ~30,000barrels per day.
The ExxonValdez wreck spilled ~11million gallons or ~262,000barrels in total.

Three different methodologies used by UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey assessment teams have independently arrived at a minimum spill rate of 12,000barrels per day:
the surface survey team came up with 15,500plus-or-minus3500 barrels per day;
the plume velocity team came up with 18,500plus-or-minus6500 barrels per day;
and the third team's study remains incomplete and its methodology unannounced.

Using the agreed-upon 12,000barrels per day minimum, the DeepwaterHorizon will have spilled two times as much as the ExxonValdez a bit after noon on 3June2010
Using the 17,000barrels per day average of two studies, the DeepwaterHorizon will have spilled three times as much as the ExxonValdez before dawn on 6June2010
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Somewhat New Info - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
But cutting the BlowoutPreventer's riser increased the flow rate by ~20%.
So adding 20% extra to the old numbers:
the new minimum flow rate would be 14,400barrels per day;
and the new average flow rate would be 20,400barrels per day.
Subtracting the 10,000barrels per day being recovered:
some amount between 4400to10,400barrels per day is still spilling into the Gulf...
...and I refuse to think about pessimistic projections.

BritishPetroleum's ChiefExecutiveOfficer claims that they "are recovering most of the crude oil" that is flowing out of the well. However, BP has not announced that they actually know the flow rate -- as opposed to their previous official "it's not important enough to bother finding out" -- or what that flow rate is.
And until they do make such knowledge public, I can only wonder how their CEO knows that more than half of the crude oil is being recovered, can only assume that he is engaging in wishful thinking.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Definitely NEW INFO - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
"Coast Guard Adm. Thad Allen reported that BP's collection from the ruptured well...had kept 14,800 barrels (621,000 gallons) of oil from flowing into the Gulf in the past 24 hours, and...BP said it collected 42,500 barrels (1.8 million gallons) of oil...in the past four days."

That BritishPetroleum is now collecting 14,800barrels per day AND that there is still more crude oil gushing into the Gulf proves that the well had been spilling more than the agreed-upon minimum of the USGS estimates.
Member Since: Agosto 21, 2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 4846
21. hurricanejunky 02:09 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting CycloneOz:


Hahahaha! I was hoping you'd get to read my little ditty from last night! LOL!

Are those Cat 4 winds or is it a 5?
Hurricane Harry don't take no jive!
Do you feel lucky, junk?
Well, do ya...punk?
Your choice may keep you alive!


Yeah, I went back a little.

I think we've made the right choices in protective gear. I'm still making mine but they're in line with what we've discussed. I think we're just about ready...

"Chance favors the prepared mind"
- Louis Pasteur
Member Since: Agosto 28, 2006 Posts: 6 Comments: 2875
23. seajunkie 02:12 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Hey Flood!!!!

Looks like another hot day here in in the DFW area.

Dave
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24. Drakoen 02:15 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting IKE:
I agree that 2005 skewed the numbers for neutral years.


I agree as well. If you take out 2005 you get the same average as the La Nina years in total number of storms.
Member Since: Ottobre 28, 2006 Posts: 57 Comments: 29010
26. largeeyes 02:20 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
This thing had to be leaking a lot more than believed if they got 15000 barrels and it's still overflowing so badly.

BP: Containment cap collected 14,800 barrels June 7BY Reuters
— 10:12 AM ET 06/08/2010
HOUSTON, June 8 (Reuters) - BP Plc's (BP

Loading...


) seabed containment cap collected 14,800 barrels of oil on June 7, the highest capture rate yet since the system was installed last week, the company said on Tuesday.

The system captured 11,100 barrels in the previous 24-hour period. U.S scientists have estimated the that the leak reaches 12,000 to 19,000 barrels of oil per day, with one estimate as high as 25,000 barrels a day.

BP said the total amount of oil collected over four days is about 42,500 barrels. (Reporting by Kristen Hays, editing by Jackie Frank)
Member Since: Agosto 22, 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 1381
27. stillwaiting 02:24 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Morning thanks doc!!!,If 04' was a el nino year ,why so many storms???? seems more like la nina year numbers???
Member Since: Ottobre 5, 2007 Posts: 20 Comments: 4970
30. weathermanwannabe 02:30 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Thank You Dr........Interesting note on the relatively late start of the 1998 season in spite of the La Nina conditions in place by the Summer. In accordance with Dr. Klotzenbach's recent paper on storm "clusters", we don't know when the first one this season will form, but once it does and even perhaps in July or August, then a quick succession of storms will start to flow from there in groups spread out over a few weeks (perhaps a cluster of a few in the Caribbean and Gulf in late July-early August, then, another cluster emerging from Africa during the peak of the CV season in late August through September).
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33. hercj 02:34 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
OZ you are killing me this morning. LMAO
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36. weathermanwannabe 02:37 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
I lost a personal friend, Irving, in Hurricane Mitch in Honduras when he went down there to visit his Mother for a few weeks and he (but not his Mother) was washed away from the house durng a mudslide and his body was never found.
Member Since: Agosto 8, 2006 Posts: 0 Comments: 6691
37. hercj 02:39 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting CycloneOz:


Lashing is not only allowed, but encouraged.

And in a hurricane, the ground is your friend. The faster you can hit it, the better.

OZ my friend you and I are both doing the same thing. Sitting on our hands and waiting, which by the way SUCKS!! Here is a tip however, take the top off the Capt Morgan place bottle to lips and partake of the nectar. It will help and tomorrow may bring bad weather. LOL
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39. IKE 02:40 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
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40. 900MB 02:40 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Thanks doc!

Folks, anything to that blob above the Dominican Rep?
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41. aspectre 02:40 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
11 hurricanejunky "Oz, ya changed the avatar! Who you calling punk?"

Scan blog1501post1189thru1205. BTW, CycloneOz, that placement was totally random.
I'd run across the photos earlier, and had been playing off&on (between watching Eastwood clips) with PreviewComment to format them into a first-pager for today. Hadn't refreshed for awhile, didn't know you were on, then accidentally hit PostComment instead of PreviewComment.
So where my post appeared could be considered by some to be signs&portents...
Member Since: Agosto 21, 2007 Posts: 0 Comments: 4846
42. hercj 02:41 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting CycloneOz:


Yo! I've noticed there's never enough Glenfidich in the bottle! :D

Oh hell OZ its only June, we don't break out the 12 year old til at least July. LOL
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46. hercj 02:44 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting CycloneOz:


LOL...so true. I'm enjoying Bud in the bottle right now. Got 10 bottles of Glenfidich loaded and ready to go, however!

Amazing that you knew the correct sequence! :D

Yeah well Im a Marine. Its in our training
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49. hurricanejunky 02:47 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting CycloneOz:


You need to make a lash rope.


Can you email that to me?
Member Since: Agosto 28, 2006 Posts: 6 Comments: 2875
50. hercj 02:48 PM GMT del 08 Giugno 2010    
Quoting CycloneOz:


Ah...incredible how we sort of become like brothers in a family. The military sure is thorough in its training.

And I should have been a Marine as tough as I was, but the Air Force said I was way smart. The compliment they paid me changed my life.

How true my friend. I am with an Air Force unit now and I am constantly reminding them of my superiority. The CO of course thinks the whole place went to hell the minute I arrived. lol
Member Since: Settembre 5, 2009 Posts: 0 Comments: 319

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About JeffMasters
Jeff co-founded the Weather Underground in 1995 while working on his Ph.D. He flew with the NOAA Hurricane Hunters from 1986-1990.

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